One of those relics remains relevant today, but few seem to know about it.
It's the Xyplex MaxServer line of terminal servers. When deployed for out-of-band console access, these things are capable of doing essentially the same job as a Cisco router with asynchronous serial ports, but at a tiny fraction of the price, and without the annoying octopus cable that's required for most Cisco async ports.
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| MX-1640 on top, MX-1620 below |
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| MX-1640 on top, MX-1620 below |
The main thing that's so great about these guys is the price. I bought that 40-port unit for US $26 including delivery to my door. That's only $0.65 per serial port.
They're cheap enough that I've got a flock of these things at home. Everything with a serial port in my house is wired up. I can take them to customer sites for labbing purposes and don't care if I get them back.
For comparison, the cheapest NM-16A (16 port asynchronous serial module) on ebay right now is $184. Figure about $20 each for a couple of octal cables, plus $30 for a 2600 series router to run it all, and the cheapest Cisco alternative runs over $250, nearly $16 per serial port.
I know that people are buying Cisco 2511s and NM-16As for their home labs, and I'm guessing that ignorance of cheaper options is the reason the Cisco stuff bids to such ridiculous levels on ebay.
In an effort to spread the love for these relics, I'm sharing what I know about them.
Identification
The same basic product is available as both Xyplex MaxServer and MRV MaxServer. I've seen an MRV unit once, but never configured one. It looks identical, but may behave differently.
There is an older model MaxServer 1600 that has 8 or 16 ports, a rounded face with integrated rack ears, and no onboard 10Base-T transceiver. You'll need an AUI transceiver for 10Base-T to use one of these older units. I haven't used one since 1999 or 2000, so I don't remember if they're completely the same, and can't recommend them.
The 1620 and 1640 units have a label on the bottom indicating that their "Model" is MX-1620-xxx or MX-1640-xxx. I'm not sure what the xxx suffix means, but I've got units with suffixes 002, 004 and 014, and I can't tell any difference between them.
Flash Cards
Sometimes these boxes come with a hard-to-find PCMCIA card. If you have the card, then these guys can run totally independently. Without the card, a TFTP server is required for boot and configuration. The TFTP server can be anywhere on the network. It doesn't need L2 adjacency to the MaxServer. If one unit has the card, it can serve other units without cards.
The card has to be some ancient small capacity "linear" flash card, and not just any linear flash card will do. I've tried lots of cards from different vendors, and only found a single 3rd party card that's recognized by the Xyplex (pictured below). They run fine without the cards, so don't sweat looking for the card.
Rack Mounting
OEM rack ears are tough to find.
But the screws and ears from a Cisco 2600 work fine with the addition of a couple holes to the MaxServer chassis:
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| Cisco 2600, MaxServer with Cisco ear installed, unmolested MaxServer |
Software
You'll need a file called xpcsrv20.sys. The md5sum of the file I use is:
b7252070000988ce47c62f1d46acbe11
Drop this file on the root of your TFTP server. While you're there, if your TFTP server doesn't allow remote file creation (most don't), create a couple of empty files for your server to use for its configuration. The format is:
x<last-6-of-MAC>.prm and x<last-6-of-MAC >.bck
So, I've got files named x0eb6b1.prm and x0eb6b1.bck that are used by my MaxServer with hardware address 0800.870e.b6b1. The address is printed on a label near the Ethernet port.
Serial Pinout
Connecting these guys to a Cisco console requires a rollover cable. I like to make my own using 2-pair cable for reasons I've previously explained.
Configuration
Here's how I go about configuring one of these guys for:
- Static IP addressing
- TFTP download of the system software
- TFTP download and storage of configuration elements
- Telnet access to the serial ports
- Telnet access for admin functions
The first step is to reset the box to factory defaults.
Connect a terminal to the first serial port using the same gear you'd use on a Cisco router's console port. 9600,8,N,1
With the system powered on, use a paperclip to manipulate the button behind the hole near the console LED on the front panel.
- Press the button
- Release the button
- Press the button
- The numbered LEDs should scan back and forth, then stop with two LEDs lit.
- Release the button.
Terminal Server, Type 92, Rev G.00.00
Ethernet address 08-00-87-0B-DD-43
Configuration in progress. Please wait
Type access and hit Enter. The letters won't echo on screen. You'll get a configuration menu. The following text is the steps I follow for initial configuration purge. Bold text is stuff that I've typed.
Terminal Server Configuration Menu
1. Display unit configuration
2. Modify unit configuration
3. Initialize server and port parameters
4. Revert to stored configuration
S. Exit saving configuration changes
X. Exit without saving configuration changes
Enter menu selection [X]: 2
Modify Unit Configuration Menu
1. Initialization record #1 (Enabled)The following series of answers sets everything to default.
2. Initialization record #2 (Disabled)
3. Initialization record #3 (Disabled)
M. Miscellaneous unit configuration
D. Set unit configuration to defaults
X. Exit to main menu
Enter menu selection [X]: 1Still at the Modify Unit Configuration Menu, configure the first initialization record. This information is what's used by the pre-boot environment. We have to configure the IP information twice: the first instance represents what's used by the bootloader (or whatever), and the second instance is the IP information used by the running system. I'm putting the terminal server at 192.168.15.11/24, and its TFTP server is at 10.122.218.33
Set Initialization record #1 to defaults (Y,N) [N]? Y
Enable initialization record #1 (Y,N) [N]? Y
Enter menu selection [X]: 2
Set Initialization record #2 to defaults (Y,N) [N]? Y
Enable initialization record #2 (Y,N) [N]? N
Enter menu selection [X]: 3
Set Initialization record #3 to defaults (Y,N) [N]? Y
Enable initialization record #3 (Y,N) [N]? N
Enter menu selection [X]: M
Display load status messages (Y,N) [Y]? Y
Total installed memory in megabytes (4,6,8) [4]: 4
Enter menu selection [X]: D
Initialize ALL configuration data for this unit to defaults (Y,N) [N]? Y
Now we're back at Terminal Server Configuration Menu. We'll Initialize server and port parameters and then Exit saving configuration changes.
Enter menu selection [X]: 1
Set Initialization record #1 to defaults (Y,N) [N]? N
Enable initialization record #1 (Y,N) [Y]? Y
Enable ALL methods for image loading (Y,N) [N]? N
Toggle (CARD,DTFTP,XMOP,MOP,BOOTP,RARP) load methods [C,X,M,B,R]: C
Toggle (CARD,DTFTP,XMOP,MOP,BOOTP,RARP) load methods [X,M,B,R]: D
Toggle (CARD,DTFTP,XMOP,MOP,BOOTP,RARP) load methods [D,X,M,B,R]: X
Toggle (CARD,DTFTP,XMOP,MOP,BOOTP,RARP) load methods [D,M,B,R]: M
Toggle (CARD,DTFTP,XMOP,MOP,BOOTP,RARP) load methods [D,B,R]: B
Toggle (CARD,DTFTP,XMOP,MOP,BOOTP,RARP) load methods [D,R]: R
Toggle (CARD,DTFTP,XMOP,MOP,BOOTP,RARP) load methods [D]:
Enable ALL methods for parameter loading (Y,N) [Y]? N
Toggle (NVS,XMOP,MOP,BOOTP,RARP) load methods [N,X,M,B,R]: X
Toggle (NVS,XMOP,MOP,BOOTP,RARP) load methods [N,M,B,R]: M
Toggle (NVS,XMOP,MOP,BOOTP,RARP) load methods [N,B,R]: B
Toggle (NVS,XMOP,MOP,BOOTP,RARP) load methods [N,R]: R
Toggle (NVS,XMOP,MOP,BOOTP,RARP) load methods [N]:
Enable ALL methods for dumping (Y,N) [Y]? N
Toggle (XMOP,MOP,BOOTP,RARP) load methods [X,M,B,R]: X
Toggle (XMOP,MOP,BOOTP,RARP) load methods [M,B,R]: M
Toggle (XMOP,MOP,BOOTP,RARP) load methods [B,R]: B
Toggle (XMOP,MOP,BOOTP,RARP) load methods [R]: R
Toggle (XMOP,MOP,BOOTP,RARP) load methods []:
Enter unit IP address [0.0.0.0]: 192.168.15.11
Enter host IP address [0.0.0.0]: 10.122.218.33
Enter gateway IP address [0.0.0.0]: 192.168.15.1
Enter TFTP image filename (64 characters max.) []: xpcsrv20.sys
Enter menu selection [X]: X
Enter menu selection [X]: 3
Should default server and port parameters be used (Y,N) [Y]? Y
Enter menu selection [X]: S
Save changes and exit (Y,N) [Y]? Y
At this point, the system should grab xpcsrv20.sys from the TFTP server. Give this a minute to complete. Next you'll get a prompt like this:
Welcome to the Xyplex Terminal Server.
Enter username>
With the way I use these boxes, it doesn't matter what username you type (at this prompt and at later prompts). Just type something in. I suppose it would matter if you configured RADIUS authentication, but I've never done that. The default password is system.
Enter username> foo
Xyplex -901- Default Parameters being used
Xyplex> set priv
Password> system (doesn't echo)
Welcome to the Xyplex Terminal Server.
For information on software upgrades contact your local representative,
or call Xyplex directly at
in USA: (800) 435 7997
in Europe: +44 181 564 0564
in Asia: +65 225 0068
For information on software upgrades contact your local representative,
or call Xyplex directly at
in USA: (800) 435 7997
in Europe: +44 181 564 0564
in Asia: +65 225 0068
Xyplex>>
The prompt with >> indicates that we're in privileged user mode. Configuration parameters are entered with either set or define commands. set commands take effect immediately but are not persistent across reboots. define commands don't take effect until after reboot. Issuing set server change enabled causes define commands to take effect immediately, in addition to persisting across reboots, so I start with that one.
set server change enabled
define server change enabled
define server name My-Xyplex
define server internet name My-Xyplex.home.marget.com
define server welcome "My Xyplex"
define login password "myloginpassword"
define priv password "myenablepassword"
define server login prompt "passwd "
define server internet address 192.168.15.11
define server internet subnet mask autoconfigure disabled
define server internet subnet mask 255.255.255.0
define server internet broadcast address 192.168.15.255
define server internet primary gateway address 192.168.15.1
define server internet gateway auto discovery disabled
Port 0 is like line vty 0. It's the in band management interface. Ordinarily it listens on TCP/2000. I move it to TCP/23.
define port 0 telnet echo remote
define port 0 telnet remote 23
define port 0 prompt "My-Xyplex"
define port 0 idle timeout 30
This next bit of configuration is the stuff I apply to the serial ports so that I can connect to them remotely.
define port 1-20 autoconnect disabled
define port 1-20 autobaud disabled
define port 1-20 access remote
define port 1-20 flow disable
define port 1-20 access remote
define port 1-20 telnet transmit immediate
define port 1-20 telnet binary session mode passall
define port 1-20 default session mode passall
define port 1-20 telnet newline nothing
define port 1-20 telnet echo character
define port 1-20 speed 9600
Accessing the ports
Once things are configured you access these ports in pretty much the same way that you would with a Cisco box configured for "reverse telnet". Each serial port is listening on a TCP port: (portnum * 100) + 2000
So, port 1 is listening on TCP/2100, port 2 on TCP/2200, etc...
Useful commands
The only reason I log into the Xyplex directly is to kill off a stuck telnet session. Log in and access a privileged session like this:
chris$ telnet 192.168.15.11
Trying 192.168.15.11...
Connected to 192.168.15.11.
Escape character is '^]'.
passwd myloginpassword
My-Xyplex
Enter username> blah
My-Xyplex> set priv
Password> myenablepassword
My-Xyplex>>
To kill an existing session, use
My-Xyplex>> kill port X sessions all
To reload the Xyplex use
My-Xyplex>> init delay 0
